John D. Rockefeller

Born in a standard lifestyle in New York, John D. Rockefeller is famous for - similarly to Carnegie - rising through the ranks and becoming one of America's wealthiest men, having established a prominent oil industry. 

Upon taking control of the Cleveland refinery - the largest one in the oil business at the time - Rockefeller began expanding his business; the growing use of kerosene grew his industry even further. His work evolved into a monopoly; he assumed role of president, forming the Standard Oil Company in 1870.

Various companies - which accounted for 90% of the industry's pipelines - eventually joined Rockefeller's Standard Oil Trust In the early 1880's. The size of Rockefeller's industry grew to the point that it was largely contested by the people and in court. Standard Oil was eventually disbanded into 30 smaller companies for reports of having violations regarding anti-trust laws.

Following Carnegie, Rockefeller enacted as a philanthroper; he gave away more than half a billion dollars to educational, religious, and scientific causes. Notable contributions include the establishment of the University of Chicago and what would become the Rockefeller University. (1)